ABSTRACT
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Covid-19 was emerged in Wuhan and disseminated to the rest of the world. The virus may affect any kind of human organs. Aim of the study was to estimate the blood D-dimer level after Covid-19 in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods 65 patients who were undergone Covid-19 (mild to moderate severity) without coronary heart disease (CHD;Group 1;aged 42-76 years, mean age 56.8±13.5 years) and 65 patients with CHD who was affected with Covid-19 (Group 2;aged 45-72 years, mean age 57.4±12.8 years) have been enrolled in this prospective study. Baseline characteristics were collected when first admitted to the hospital due to Covid-19, and follow-up characteristics were collected when they admitted to our hospital for the rehabilitation after undergoing Covid-19 in 3 months. Baseline and follow-up anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental data were assessed. All statistical analysis were performed by STATA software. Results Mean blood D-dimer level significantly reduced in both groups (from 864 ng/mL to 475 ng/mL in the first group, P<0.05 vs. from 812 ng/mL to 452 ng/mL in the Group 2, P<0.05), however there were not observed statistically significant changes when compared to groups, P>0.05. In the first group mean D-dimer level tended to be higher in men, with high fibrinogen level, and older patients. In the second group, D-dimer level tended to be higher in patients with higher body mass index (BMI) with high fibrinogen level. In the first group in 31% of patients was observed high level of D-dimer (>500 ng/mL) after 3 months whereas in the second group elevated D-dimer level maintained in 28% of patients. Conclusion Elevated blood D-dimer level are common after Covid-19, however concomitant CHD does not effect on it. Further studies are needed to reveal mechanisms of it.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Covid-19 was affected all over the world and caused pandemic. Compelling data suggest that Covid-19 might influence all human parts. Host of studies showed that metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible impact of MetS components in the course of Covid-19 in patients with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: 192 consecutive patients (aged 37-75 years;mean age 56.2 ± 13.2 years;male = 48%) with NAFLD and MetS who underwent Covid-19 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups by 91 in each group according to the presence or absence of MetS. All anthropometric, laboratory and instrumental data were obtained and analyzed at baseline. All statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 24.0 software. Results: Patients with concomitant MetS (Group I) had severe Covid- 19 than those without it (P<0.05). 19% out of Group I patients had severe Covid-19 whilst 12% out of Group II patients had severe course of the invective disease. Multiple regression logistic analysis showed that among MetS components having abdominal obesity (AO) (2.7;1.6-4.4;CI 95%;P<0.05), insulin resistance (IR) (2.0;1.4-3.9' CI 95%;P<0.05), hypertension (HT) (1.4;1.3-2.4;CI 95%;P<0.05) tended have a severe Covid-19 in patients with NAFLD. When we separately analyzed by gender there was not significant changes between male and female (P[0.05). Conclusion: MetS was significantly associated with severe Covid-19 in patients with NAFLD. Among MetS components AO, IR and HT independently associated with severe Covid-19 regardless of gender. Further investigations are required with large amount of participants.